It is precisely at this last point, though, that a quirk in brain chemistry, can cause hypnopompic hallucinations: occasionally during deep N.R.E.M., "transient patterns of neural activation in brainstem structures micro-wake "fragments" can occur". A last critical point in this regard is that R.E.M. is what is referred to as " deep sleep", which is characterized by the complete quieting of the mind, to include dreamlessness, and by muscle " atonia", which is to say paralysis, a complete motor disconnect. Conversely, there is almost no electrical activity during N.R.E.M. is where the majority of dreaming occurs - it has been all but confirmed at this point that dreams originate in the brain-stem, a spark from there driving the more logical mind to contemplate and consolidate, through dreaming, memories that relate to fulfilling fundamental drives. In particular, during this stage, both the brain-stem, which is the home of the most fundamental physical drives, and the parts of the cortex related to the most complex logical-cognitive functions experience highly intense electrical activity. sleep, which is indeed categorized by "rapid eye movement" and N.R.E.M., which stands for "Non-Rapid Eye Movement". The objective difference between the subjective experiences of dreams and hypnopompic hallucinations emerges from a close look at the sleep cycle and its attendant brain activity: there are essentially two types of sleep, R.E.M. Finally, a unique characteristic of hypnopompic hallucinations is that as opposed to dreams, wherein they rarely understand that they are asleep, here sleepers do indeed have "the clear subjective awareness of being awake" yet are frequently mentally and physically trapped in the experience.
Slightly less common but not unheard of are " somesthetic" hallucinations involving the sense of touch and location, with such experiences ranging from tactile sensations to full-blown " cenesthopathic" or "out-of-body experiences", which involve sudden changes in the perception of the body’s location, or even a sense of movement of the entire body. Auditory hallucinations are thus also common: "patients can hear simple sounds, structured melodies or complete sentences". As this definition implies, though, like dreams, most hallucinations are visual, they can encompass a broader range of sensory experience.
Hallucinations are commonly understood as "sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of an objective stimulus". Hypnopompic and hypnagogic hallucinations are frequently accompanied by sleep paralysis, which is a state wherein one is consciously aware of one's surroundings but unable to move or speak. Its mirror is the hypnagogic state at sleep onset though often conflated, the two states are not identical and have a different phenomenological character. Hypnopompia (also known as hypnopompic state) is the state of consciousness leading out of sleep, a term coined by the psychical researcher Frederic Myers.
0 kommentar(er)
